After seeing Fermier’s Girl with a Pearl Earring, I looked up all the books and movies about it. I knew it was a good painting, but I was curious about why it was famous메이저놀이터. I didn’t realize there were so many stories behind a single painting. I enjoyed it. I also felt like I saw the world a little differently, and I’m writing to share this experience. Let’s take a look at some of the most controversial works in art history, and therefore the most innovative, and eventually the most famous. The articles are written in a storytelling style, with a base of historical facts and some imagination.
Marcel Duchamp as Rose Selabi. [Man Ray]
Photos are not directly related to the content of the article. [123RF]
[Reporter Wonyul Kim]”Hey. Look at that.”
An aeronautical engineering exhibition in Paris, France, 1912. Marcel Duchamp tapped his friend Constantin Brancusi on the shoulder. Duchamp pointed to a gleaming metal aircraft, its heavy propeller. “Painting is over,” Duchamp whispered to Brancusi. “Who and how could anyone make anything better than that propeller?” Duchamp’s voice trembled. Brancusi couldn’t argue back. Brancusi was a sculptor, and even to him, the grace of the airplane, the precision of the propeller, was astonishing. Duchamp tilted his head back and looked up at the ceiling. “…All my paintings,” Duchamp said slowly, “are they being washed away? It was a question he asked himself. From that day forward, Duchamp’s gaze was drawn to the canvas. He ventured out in search of new paintings that would not be crushed by that airplane, that would not be wrapped around that propeller.
Five years later, in 1917, at the offices of the Society of Independent Artists in New York City.
An entry had come in for an upcoming exhibition. The sender was Richard Mert. It was called “Fountain,” and it was… well, it was just an upside-down male urinal. “Does anyone know who this guy is?” The office was quiet. “You’re putting this in an exhibition? Who are you kidding!” an employee yelled. Mutt’s sudden appearance was quickly dismissed as a lunatic. Duchamp was off to one side of the office. Out of the corner of his eye, he took in the scene. It was actually Duchamp, who had submitted a toilet seat to the office under an assumed name. He signed it “R. Mutt 1917,” claiming it was a work of art. The Society of Independent Artists was an organization that Duchamp had founded with his friends. So he had submitted a pre-made toilet to the organization under a fake name, claiming it was his work. Why?
Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain (replica) [National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art]
The story goes like this.
At the time, the exhibition organized by the association was unusual. It was an ‘open exhibition’. It was an event that everyone could participate in. There were no judges and no prizes. “Anyone can submit a work for $6!” was the key phrase in the publicity. Duchamp had organized the event with his colleagues. But then he slipped away. He bought a toilet seat at a local hardware store. He entered the exhibition under an assumed name. He didn’t paint it, didn’t even cut his fingernails on it. The name and signature, “R. Mutt,” was a play on the name of the toilet’s manufacturer.
The association was confused in the face of raw insanity.
“Should we take it or not?” They sat around and voted. The result was a foregone conclusion: no. “Mr. Mert’s fountain will be useful where it belongs, and that’s at least not in an art exhibition. Under the general rules, a fountain can’t be a work of art,” the association reasoned. Duchamp, who had been pretending to be oblivious to the situation, moved in at this point: “Any artist can enter an exhibition for six dollars. Mr. Mert entered ‘Sam,’ but only his work was missing. Why did they ostracize him?” Duchamp wrote in defense of Mert in The Blind Man, a magazine he helped publish. “Duchamp, why do you defend this eccentric?” someone berated Duchamp. “Isn’t your promise to accept everything a lie? Who are you to stop me? This is why art is so slow to develop,” Duchamp fumed. Duchamp denounced the hypocrisy of the government’s empty promises of artistic independence and its continued censorship. “Outside the exhibition hall, the propellers are spinning like crazy, the motors are spitting fire!” Duchamp was as impatient as the day he saw the metal aircraft. …And we’re supposed to be the only ones who stay locked up,” he added bitterly. He despaired that this was the way it was, even in the most open-minded place in the world.
Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain (reproduction) [National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art].
Mert, or Duchamp’s Fountain, was placed in the corner of the exhibition.
More precisely, it was hidden behind a partition. Duchamp was not deterred by this setback. “…Just as a toilet is not immoral, Mert’s ‘fountain’ is not immoral. It doesn’t matter if he built it himself or not. Mr. Mutt chose the toilet seat. Everyday objects are reborn with a new purpose, a new perspective, a new thought,” Duchamp wrote in his magazine. It’s the choice that counts, Duchamp argued. It doesn’t matter if the object was always there. The artist chose it as an art object. From then on, it would take on a new concept, a new identity, with the artist’s will. Duchamp’s argument didn’t work. He eventually resigned as director of the association. His quest seemed to end in disaster. But Duchamp’s fire was not extinguished. The incident of bringing the ready-made, or ready-made, into the gallery was not buried. Soon, the winds picked up, and they became a storm. The art world has taken Duchamp’s toilet seat and crossed the river of no return. Yes, his expedition was a success.
From Impressionism to Futurism ‘Frou Frou’…Cementing Originality
Marcel Duchamp, Chess Match
Duchamp was born in 1887 in Blanville, Normandy, France.
His grandfather was a shipping agent and printmaker. His father was a notary public. Duchamp had a strong artistic background. His older brother was a painter and his younger brother a sculptor. There was always music in the living room. At night, they took turns playing chess. It was a relaxed family. back